![]() ![]() ![]() It is also not clear whether he could have done something to avoid this fate or escape this transformation. The story doesn’t clarify the reasons for why and how Gregor Samsa changes. Gregor even reflects his inability to fulfill his responsibility which costs him profoundly as he is alienated from the family. Even when he has passed many days in that state, he carefully listens to the conversation of his family and thinks solutions in his mind as a bug. This is a sense of realization that his hard-earned money is running his home where his entire family is living. The major character of Gregor Samsa immediately thinks of his job after his transformation how he would come out of this situation and return to work. It runs throughout the novel parallel to various other themes. The family thinks as if they are “struck by a misfortune like no one else in their entire circle of relatives and acquaintances.” Theme #5įamily responsibility is another major theme of the novel. The sudden respect first changes into indifferent sympathy and then into outright hatred and estrangement. ![]() Only a writer like Franz Kafka can deliver such a transformation that downgrades the importance of a son in the eyes of his own family because he is now unable to earn money. Theme #4ĭespite the triteness of the maxim of “Money makes the mare go,” its truth is evident in the human relations in the novel The Metamorphosis. He faces permanent isolation within his own family and dies of anguish and hunger. Gregor Samsa tries to adjust himself to the circumstances, but he has lost an important position as the breadwinner in the family and the position of the traveling salesman in the company. He faces isolation until he adjusts himself and becomes a member of that social circle again. When a person stays absent from his social circle, or achieves a position, or downgrades his position, or goes through a transformation like Gregor Samsa, he loses his previous status within that circle. ![]() Social isolation is another theme of the novel. Eventually, he becomes a burden with time until he is no more. He is no more a breadwinner, but dependent and loses his importance. In other words, his identity changes with his physical features. However, as soon as people come to know his bizarre transformation, they become indifferent. For example, when the Manager comes to threaten him to visit office or face sacking, he not only listens to him but also responds to him in squeals as he can’t speak. Kafka has captured his thoughts and reactions to various events. Theme #2Īlthough Gregor Samsa changes into a bug, he keeps his thoughts and language intact. Hence, Mikhail Bakhtin, a Russian critic, calls this an “unfinished metamorphosis,” as in spite of the transformation as an insect, Gregor, thinks like a human being. In the end, he dies due to isolation and injuries. Gregor is also confused as his transformation impacts his relationship with family members and it worsens. His Manager who has come to call him for work is disgusted by the transformation and flees from the scene. The transformation starts from the very first line when he wakes up from an uneasy dream. Transformation is a major theme of the novel and sounds shocking when Gregor Samsa turns into an ugly bug. ![]()
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